Quaternary
Ammonium Salts Quaternary Phosphonium
Salts Polyglycols & Crowns
Ionic Liquids
ALIQUAT®
336 Benzyl Triethyl Ammonium Bromide Benzyl Triethyl Ammonium Chloride Benzyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Cetyl
Pyridinium Bromide Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride Dimethyl Distearyl Ammonium Chloride Dodecyl
Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide Hexadecyl
Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride Methyl Tricaprylyl Ammonium Chloride Methyl Tricaprylyl Ammonium Cl on SILICA Methyl
Trioctyl Ammonium Chloride Tetrabutyl Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfate Tetrabutyl
Ammonium Iodide Tetrapropyl Ammonium Hydroxide Tributyl
Methyl Ammonium Chloride Benzyl Triphenyl Phosphonium Bromide Benzyl Triphenyl Phosphonium Chloride Butyl Triphenyl Phosphonium Bromide Butyl Triphenyl Phosphonium Chloride Ethyl Triphenyl Phosphonium Acetate Ethyl Triphenyl Phosphonium Bromide Ethyl Triphenyl Phosphonium Iodide Hexadecyl Tributyl Phosphonium Bromide Methyl Triphenyl Phosphonium Bromide Tetrabutyl Phosphonium Chloride Tetraoctyl Phosphonium Bromide Tetraphenyl Phosphonium Bromide Tributyl Octyl Phosphonium Chloride Trihexyl Tetradecyl Phosphonium Chloride
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PTC
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Other Phase-Transfer Catalysts
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"q-value" and "C#" On many of the quat pages, you will see references to "q-value" and "C#". These are useful parameters for correlating reactivity and selectivity in PTC systems. The q-value was proposed by Marc Halpern (PTC Organics) in 1988 and reflects the accessibility of the positive charge of a quat. A q-value of 1.0 to 2.0 often gives high reactivity for "transfer rate limited" PTC reactions whereas a q-value of < 1 often gives high reactivity for PTC reactions which require a loose ion pair. The q-value is calculated by adding the reciprocals of the numbers of carbons on each of the 4 chains. C# is simply the sum of all of the carbons of the quat and is a measure of the organophilicity of the quat. | ||
Top PTC Reactions Etherification · Esterification · Transesterification · N-Alkylation · C-Alkylation · S-Alkylation · Other Mercaptan Reactions · Dehydrohalogenation · Michael Addition · Aldol Condensation · Oxidation · Epoxidation · Chloromethylation · Hydrohalogenation · Hydrogenation · Borohydride Reduction · Darzens Condensation · Carbene Reactions · Polymerization · Polymer Modification · Displacements using: · cyanide · fluoride · bromide · iodide · azide · thiocyanate · sulfide · other inorganic nucleophiles · benzyl chloride · allyl chloride · benzoyl chloride · methanesulfonyl chloride · epichlorohydrin · PCl3, · POCl3 · other alkyl halides, acyl halides, sulfonyl halides, phosphoro halides & anhydrides
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